The following are the types of B cells which is involved in the B cell interaction process are
Memory cells- B cell differentiation give rise to the memory cells which are dormant until it is activated. The activation of these cells happens on interaction with the antigens. The circulation of memory cells takes place through the body in surveillance of antigenic invasion.
Plasma cells- B cell differentiation give rise to plasma cells. In an infection, the plasma cells are produced in the later phase of infection. It is also produced during the T cell-dependent and T cell-independent activation. These cells produce non-proliferating antibodies.
Plasma blasts- These are the cells that secrete proliferating antibodies. These cells are secreted during earlier times of infection.
Interaction with T cell:
The main mechanism of B cell is to attach with the antigens. In T cell-dependent activation, the B cells need to interact with the antigen with the help of the T cell. This antigen is referred to as a T cell-dependent antigen. The B cell receptor is the component that interacts with the antigen. It is followed by the consumption of antigens via the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis. This process degrades the antigen. The pieces of antigens are presented by the B cell via the Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or the antigen-presenting cells. These pieces of antigens are represented to the T cells such as T-helper cells. The MHC complex present in the B cell membrane reacts with the T cell receptor. The T cell secretes CD protein, IL-4, and IL21. Of these, CD40 binds with the B cell surface receptor resulting in B cell activation. After the stimulation of B cell activation, it results in the stimulation of proliferation, class switching, and somatic hypermutation process.
The other type of activation includes T cell-independent activation which does not have T cell interaction. These antigens are known as Ti antigens. In this type of interaction, the T cell is replaced by the Toll-like receptors. These tolls like receptors interact with the B cell receptor and activate the regular mechanism of proliferation and class switching.
Interaction with the antigens via memory B cell:
B cell is divided into two categories such as memory cells and plasma cells. The activation of the memory cells begins with the interaction of memory cells with the antigenic particles. The parent B cells present the antigenic substance to the memory cells to be activated. The memory cells also follow the same mechanism of endocytosis and present the antigenic pieces to the T cells. These are done by the major histocompatibility complex. The interaction of B cell MHC complex and T cell receptor activates the memory B cell.
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